While looking for the best oncologist, the first question that arises is: What is the difference between a surgical oncologist and an oncologist? For this, we need to know what the different types of oncologists involved in the treatment of cancer are. This article aims to delineate the disparities between the different oncology professionals, shedding light on their unique contributions to cancer management. It is estimated that 80% of cancer patients will require some form of surgical intervention during the course of their disease, making Surgical oncology critical to ensure high quality cancer care.
Role of an Oncologist
Oncologists are medical professionals specializing in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. They utilize various therapeutic modalities to combat cancer effectively, which include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy. Therefore oncologists specialise in each of these modalities, which we will describe in detail here. Following are the different types of oncologists.
Surgical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists and Medical Oncologists
- Surgical Oncologists: Surgical oncologists specialize in surgically treating cancer, performing procedures to remove tumors and surrounding tissues while preserving function and aesthetics. They are trained in advanced surgical techniques and collaborate closely with other oncology specialists to ensure comprehensive patient care. Surgical oncologists play a crucial role in diagnosing cancer through biopsy and staging procedures. They develop personalized treatment plans, considering factors like tumor size, location, and patient health. Throughout the treatment journey, surgical oncologists provide leadership, guidance, support, and post-operative care. Their expertise and skill contribute significantly to cancer management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
- Radiation Oncologist: Radiation oncologists specialize in administering radiation therapy to combat cancer. They meticulously design treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique circumstances, utilizing advanced technology to precisely target tumors while sparing healthy tissue. Monitoring patients throughout therapy, they manage side effects and provide ongoing support.
- Medical Oncologist: They specialize in diagnosing and treating cancer using systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. Medical oncologists work closely with patients to develop personalized treatment plans, considering factors like cancer type, stage, and individual health status. They monitor treatment responses, manage side effects, and provide supportive care throughout the treatment journey.
What is the Difference Between Oncologist and Surgical Oncologist
While both oncologists and surgical oncologists are integral components of cancer care, several key differences set them apart. Surgical oncologists are the oncologists dealing with the surgical part of the treatment plan as well as comprehensive care throughout the cancer journey. Following are the differences between Oncologist and Surgical Oncologist.
Training and Education
Surgical oncologist receive specialized training in general surgery followed by additional M.Ch or Dr.N.B. training specifically in surgical oncology, as mandated by NMC in India. In contrast, oncologists receive training in medical oncology or radiation oncology, focussing on medical management of cancer.
Treatment Approaches
Oncologists primarily employ non-surgical treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. In contrast, surgical oncologists specialize in surgical interventions aimed at removing cancerous tumors and tissues.
Patient Interaction
Surgical oncologists engage in long-term relationships with patients, overseeing their comprehensive cancer care from diagnosis through survivorship or end-of-life care. They play crucial role in diagnosing cancers, by performing biopsies, tests and examining clinically. They assess the need and timing of surgery, while planning the administration of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, either before or after surgery. They play the most important role in long term follow up care, surveillance and ovarall wellbeing of the patient. Oncologists, while playing a vital role in cancer treatment, may have more limited interaction with patients only during chemotherapy and radiation sessions.
When to Consult Each Specialist
Determining when to consult an oncologist versus a surgical oncologist depends on various factors, including the nature of the cancer and its stage.
Diagnostic Considerations
Patients typically consult with a Surgical oncologist for initial diagnosis and staging of cancer. 80% of the cancer patients require some form of surgical intervention during the course of their disease. If chemotherapy or radiation is deemed necessary, referral to medical or radiation oncology may be warranted.
Treatment Planning
Surgical oncologists collaborate with other specialists, including radiation and medical oncologists, to develop comprehensive treatment plans tailored to each patient’s specific needs. Chemotherapy or radiation may be recommended as part of a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment.
Collaboration Between Oncologists and Surgical Oncologists
Optimal cancer care often involves collaboration among different specialists, including oncologists and surgical oncologists. This multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of their condition.
Advancements in Oncology
The field of oncology is constantly evolving, with ongoing advancements in treatment modalities and therapeutic strategies. These advancements underscore the ongoing commitment of surgical oncologists to advancing cancer care through innovation and collaboration.
Minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery
Refinement of minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery reduce postoperative pain and recovery time while improving cosmetic outcomes.
Targeted Therapies
Targeted therapies are designed to attack specific molecular targets involved in cancer growth and progression, offering more precise and effective treatment options.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy harnesses the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells, leading to durable responses and improved outcomes for certain types of cancer.
Advancements in imaging technology
Advancements in imaging technology, such as intraoperative MRI, PET-CT and CT scans, enable surgeons to visualize tumors more accurately during surgery, leading to better tumor removal and preservation of healthy tissue.
Computer-aided Design (CAD) and Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-aided Design (CAD) and Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) alongwith 3-D printing and planning technology is revolutionising precision surgery.
Fluorescence Guided Surgery (Augmented Reality), Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Fluorescence Guided Surgery (Augmented Reality), Virtual Reality,are and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are making surgery safer, precise, and more effective.
Conclusion
In summary, while both oncologists and surgical oncologists are dedicated to providing excellent cancer care, they bring distinct expertise and skill sets to the table. By understanding the differences between these specialists and recognizing the value of collaboration in cancer treatment, patients can make informed decisions about their care journey.
